The JEM-EUSO observation in cloudy conditions

Year: 2015

Authors: The JEM-EUSO Collaboration Adams, J.H. Jr., Ahmad S., Albert J.-N., Allard D., Anchordoqui L., Andreev V., Anzalone A., Arai Y., Asano K., Ave Pernas M., Baragatti P., Barrillon P., Batsch T., Bayer J., Bechini R., Belenguer T., Bellotti R., Belov K., Berlind A.A., Bertaina M., Biermann P.L., Biktemerova S., Blaksley C., Blanc N., Bl?cki J., Blin-Bondil S., Blümer J., Bobik P., Bogomilov M., Bonamente M., Briggs M.S., Briz S., Bruno A., Cafagna F., Campana D., Capdevielle J.-N., Caruso R., Casolino M., Cassardo C., Castellinic G., Catalano C., Catalano G., Cellino A., Chikawa M., Christl M.J., Cline D., Connaughton V., Conti L., Cordero G., Crawford H.J., Cremonini R., Csorna S., Dagoret-Campagne S., de Castro A.J., De Donato C., de la Taille C., De Santis C., del Peral L., Dell’Oro A., De Simone N., Di Martino M., Distratis G., Dulucq F., Dupieux M., Ebersoldt A., Ebisuzaki T., Engel R., Falk S., Fang K., Fenu F., Fernández-Gómez I., Ferrarese S., Finco D., Flamini M., Fornaro C., Franceschi A., Fujimoto J., Fukushima M., Galeotti P., Garipov G., Geary J., Gelmini G., Giraudo G., Gonchar M., González Alvarado C., Gorodetzky P., Guarino F., Guzmán A., Hachisu Y., Harlov B., Haungs A., Hernández Carretero J., Higashide K., Ikeda D., Ikeda H., Inoue N., Inoue S., Insolia A., Isgrň F., Itow Y., Joven E., Judd E.G., Jung A., Kajino F., Kajino T., Kaneko I., Karadzhov Y., Karczmarczyk J., Karus M., Katahira K., Kawai K., Kawasaki Y., Keilhauer B., Khrenov B.A., Kim J.-S., Kim S.-W., Kim S.-W., Kleifges M., Klimov P.A., Kolev D., Kreykenbohm I., Kudela K., Kurihara Y., Kusenko A., Kuznetsov E., Lacombe M., Lachaud C., Lee J., Licandro J., Lim H., López F., Maccarone M.C., Mannheim K., Maravilla D., Marcelli L., Marini A., Martinez O., Masciantonio G., Mase K., Matev R., Medina-Tanco G., Mernik T., Miyamoto H., Miyazaki Y., Mizumoto Y., Modestino G., Monaco A., Monnier-Ragaigne D., Morales de los Ríos J.A., Moretto C., Morozenko V.S., Mot B., Murakami T., Murakami M.N., Nagata M., Nagataki S., Nakamura T., Napolitano T., Naumov D., Nava R., Neronov A., Nomoto K., Nonaka T., Ogawa T., Ogio S., Ohmori H., Olinto A.V., Orleanski P., Osteria G., Panasyuk M.I., Parizot E., Park I.H., Park H.W., Pastircak B., Patzak T., Paul T., Pennypacker C., Perez Cano S., Peter T., Picozza P., Pierog T., Piotrowski L.W., Piraino S., Plebaniak Z., Pollini A., Prat P., Prévôt G., Prieto H., Putis M., Reardon P., Reyes M., Ricci M., Rodríguez I., Rodríguez Frías M.D., Ronga F., Roth M., Rothkaehl H., Roudil G., Rusinov I., Rybczynski M., Sabau M.D., Sáez-Cano G., Sagawa H., Saito A., Sakaki N., Sakata M., Salazar H., Sánchez S., Santangelo A., Santiago Crúz L., Sanz Palomino M., Saprykin O., Sarazin F., Sato H., Sato M., Schanz T., Schieler H., Scotti V., Segreto A., Selmane S., Semikoz D., Serra M., Sharakin S., Shibata T., Shimizu H.M., Shinozaki K., Shirahama T., Siemieniec-Ozi?blo G., Silva López H.H., Sledd J., Slominska K., Sobey A., Sugiyama T., Supanitsky D., Suzuki M., Szabelska B., Szabelski J., Tajima F., Tajima N., Tajima T., Takahashi Y., Takami H., Takeda M., Takizawa Y., Tenzer C., Tibolla O., Tkachev L., Tokuno H., Tomida T., Tone N., Toscano S., Trillaud F., Tsenov R., Tsunesada Y., Tsuno K., Tymieniecka T., Uchihori Y., Unger M., Vaduvescu O., Valdés-Galicia J.F., Vallania P., Valore L., Vankova G., Vigorito C., Villaseńor L., von Ballmoos P., Wada S., Watanabe J., Watanabe S., Watts J., Jr. Weber, M. Weiler, T.J. Wibig, T. Wiencke, L. Wille, M. Wilms, J. Wlodarczyk, Z. Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yang, J. Yano, H. Yashin, I.V. Yonetoku, D. Yoshida, K. Yoshida, S. Young, R. Zotov, M.Y. Zuccaro Marchi, A.

Autors Affiliation: St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria; LAL, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France; Omega, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France; APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs. de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France; ECAP, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany; Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Kepler Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy; Universita’ degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita’ di Catania, Catania, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Ist. di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara, Firenze, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universita’ di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy; INAF – Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita’ di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitŕ di Torino, INFN Torino, Torino, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Torino, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria, UTIU, Rome, Italy; DIETI, Universita’ degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan; Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan; Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan; Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan; Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Konan University, Kobe, Japan; Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukawa Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; National Astronomical Observatory, Mitaka, Japan; Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan; Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan; Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan; Saitama University, Saitama, Japan; Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Interactive Research Center of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan; RIKEN, Wako, Japan; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Daejeon, South Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Galaxy Evolution Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia, Mexico; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico; Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland; Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; National Centre for Nuclear Research, Lodz, Poland; Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Warsaw, Poland; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation; Central Research Institute of Machine Building, TsNIIMash, Korolev, Russian Federation; Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Space Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Kosice, Slovakia; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain; Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Neuchâtel, Switzerland; ISDC Data Centre for Astrophysics, Versoix, Switzerland; Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Space Science Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, United States; University of Chicago, Chicago, United States; Colorado School of Mines, Golden, United States; University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, United States; University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, United States; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, United States; NASA – Marshall Space Flight Center, Madison County, United States; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States; Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Kepler Center, University of Tübingen, Sand 1, Tübingen, 72076, Germany; SPace and AStroparticle Group, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, 28871, Spain

Abstract: The JEM-EUSO (Extreme Universe Space Observatory on-board the Japanese Experiment Module) mission will conduct extensive air shower (EAS) observations on the International Space Station (ISS). Following the ISS orbit, JEM-EUSO will experience continuous changes in the atmospheric conditions, including cloud presence. The influence of clouds on space-based observation is, therefore, an important topic to investigate from both EAS property and cloud climatology points of view. In the present work, the impact of clouds on the apparent profile of EAS is demonstrated through the simulation studies, taking into account the JEM-EUSO instrument and properties of the clouds. These results show a dependence on the cloud-top altitude and optical depth of the cloud. The analyses of satellite measurements on the cloud distribution indicate that more than 60 % of the cases allow for conventional EAS observation, and an additional ~20 % with reduced quality. The combination of the relevant factors results in an effective trigger aperture of EAS observation ~72 %, compared to the one in the clear atmosphere condition.

Journal/Review: EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY (PRINT)

Volume: 40 (1)      Pages from: 135  to: 152

KeyWords: Extensive air shower; JEM-EUSO; Ultra-high energy cosmic ray
DOI: 10.1007/s10686-014-9377-2